PROJECT ON PROBLEM OF LEARNING STUDY HABIT INVENTORY

INTRODUCTION

Habits play an important role in one’s life. A good learning situation with proper habit may be appraised to develop concentration in work. Study habits may be defined as the habitual practices one uses to help them study and learn. Good study habit can help students achieve and or maintain good grades. Study habits are the actions such as reading, taking notes, or holding study groups, that we perform regularly and habitually in order to accomplish the long term task of learning.

Study habit of every student is one of the most important factors that affect his or her understanding regarding a certain subject. Good study habits are an important part of any students’ success. These habits are all about keeping to a daily routine and giving all subject equal treatment. Hard work and good study habits are assets that should be nurtured. Great study habits are necessary workings for an academic success.

Some good study habits are plan when you are going to study, study at the same time, start with most difficult subject, review over the weekend etc. Developing good study habit help the child to improve organization and study planning, time management, review materials, extracting important points etc.

          Looking the importance of good study habits, constructed and standardized an inventory to find out what types of study habits the secondary school pupils have. It was prepared by Dr. B V Patel.

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.     To study about the study habits of students of plus two commerce class of SNHSS North Paravur

2.     To compare the study habits of boys & girls of plus two commerce class.

3.     To make them aware about the good study habits.

4.     To give suggestions for the improvement of the study habits of the students as a group and individual.

METODOLOGY

The major tool used for the study was ‘Study habit Inventory’ prepared by Dr.  B V Patel. There are 45 items related to study habits of children which fall into seven categories. Each item was measured on 5 point rating scale with 5 alternatives. The test was administrated to 48 students of plus two Commerce class of SNHSS North Paravur.

After distributing the inventory to the students, explained each statement and gave instructions for filling the inventory. Students are asked to read each statement carefully and answer it after properly weighing it with the existing habits.

ANALYSIS OD DATA

          The data were collected from students analysed carefully to find out the study habits of the plus two commerce students. The analysis was made with the help of different criteria. The study reveals that majority of students have congenial environment at home and no need of guidance and have good habits in reading and note taking. This study shows that majority of the pupils have inadequate method of preparation for examination. The major problem of students which shows in this study is that majority of the students have poor concentration and need proper guidance.

Students are classified into five grades based on their study habits. The A grade shows very good, B grade shows Good, Grade C shows normal study habit. Grade D & E show poor and very poor study habits.

·        GRADE WISE CLASSIFICATION

GRADE	NO. OF STUDENTS	% OF STUDENTS
A	0	0
B	3	6.25
C	5	10.42
D	24	50
E	16	33.33
TOTAL	48	100

·        GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

		BOYS			GIRLS
GRADE		No. Of Students	% of students		No. Of Students	% of students
A		0	0		0	0
B		1	4.17		2	8.33
C		1	4.17		4	16.67
D		10	41.66		14	58.33
E		12	50		4	16.67
TOTAL		24	100		24	100

The result is graphically shows below

FINDINGS

Ø No students have very good study habits.

Ø Only 3 students have good study habit ie 2 girls and 1 boy.

Ø Majority of students shows below normal or poor study habit ie 50%.

Ø 16 students out of 48 students have very poor study habit.

Ø Majority of girls 58.33% shows below normal study habits.

Ø Majority of boys ie 50% shows very poor study habit.

Ø Girls have a better study habit than the boys.

CONCLUSION

The study shows that majority of the students have no good study habit. They lack concentration in studies. The reason for this low study habit may be lack of proper guidance, lack of knowledge about good study habits or importance of study habits. The study habits can be improved through proper guidance and practices. We can develop a good study habits among students by understanding their actual study habits. This study helps students as well as teacher to improve the study habits.

PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM SECTOR

INTRODUCTION

Textiles are one of the oldest industries known to civilization and it flourished in India from time immemorial.  Indian Textile and clothing Industry Contributes almost 4% of national GDP, and 20% of manufacturing value added.  It also earns one-third of India’s foreign exchange.  It is the most important Indian industry, after agriculture. Today, India’s textile sector comprises four important segments: modern textile mills, independent power looms, handlooms and garments.

Handloom weaving is an ancient industry. The textile cottage industry includes cotton, silk, and bleaching, dying, finishing, hosiery, lace embroidery, silk reeling, silk twisting. It is the chief means of livelihood to people who entirely depend upon it. Handloom sector plays an important role in state economy. Weaving is the basic process among the various manufacturing stages of handloom clothes. It is defined as a frame for weaving equipped with some wooden devices. The sound of the handloom is the music of rural home. In the process of weaving the handloom weavers achieve harmony of motion and rhythms in Chennamangalam.

HANDLOOM INDUSTRY

 Handloom is the most important national traditional industry of India.  The history of Indian handloom industry dates back to the epic ages. Before the introduction of mechanised spinning, in the early 19th century, all Indian cotton and silks were only hand woven. The handloom industry is still the largest employer in the country after agriculture, with over 13 million weaver families drawing sustenance from it apart from the loom and reel- makers, dyers, warp winders, sizers and other support specialists.

Kerala has handloom sectors in Thiruvananthapuram, Kannur and Chendamangalam. Our region is unique because of the indigenous production technology used. In Kerala, handloom industry occupies a prominent place among the traditional industries. It has been found that hand-weaving was a full-time occupation for the large majority of the people engaged in it. 

PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM INDUSTRY

The uniqueness of the handloom lies in the laborious production process. The workers should be highly skilled and attention to minute details in the work is must for a fine product.. But unfortunately, the wages are extremely low. Most of the cooperative societies are paying a huge amount of money as interest.. The important thing is to attract youth to the legendary industry by providing a dignified income.

Now, all these sectors are witnessing a slow death. The crisis experienced by the sector to the stiff competition from power looms, lack of working capital and proper sales strategy, combined with an acute shortage of labour. The average age of the working population is remarkably high indicating that youth are not interested in joining the ranks of the handloom working class. A considerable number of labourers are women and the few male workers are aged.

Handloom sectors are not able to adjust itself to the changing times. The textile policy of the Government of India benefited the mills more than the handlooms.  The import duty on yarn, in particular, placed a definite burden on the handlooms.  The rise of power looms other than mills has also affected the handloom industry. The rising production cost, withdrawal of government subsidies and new trade policies have ruined the industry. The raw materials of handloom clothes like hank yarn, thread, dye and so on are exorbitantly priced. He says that though the State government, through the Industries Department, has been providing various welfare measures to the weavers that are not enough to attract the youth to this profession.

The decline of the handloom industry is synonymous with the growing hegemony of trade liberalisation which destroyed several indigenous industries. The sector has also failed to catch up with the changes in the market post- liberalisation. The product bears a huge demand from a wide variety of customers, including multi-national companies, but given the present state of affairs, they are unable to meet their demand.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The primary objective of the present research work is to analyse the socio-economic conditions of the handloom weavers. The detailed objectives of the study are:

 1. To study the present situation prevailing in the handloom industry with particular reference to the problems faced by handloom weavers in Chennamangalam.

2. To examine the policy of the Government of India towards promoting the handloom industry since independence.

3. To study the social conditions prevailing among the handloom weavers with an objective to find out their place in the society.

4. To examine the organizational issues having impact on the socio-economic conditions. 

METHODOLOGY

The data was collected through primary and secondary data collection methods. PRIMARY DATA are predominantly collected from the survey instrument the questionnaire contained qualitative data as well as quantitative data. Primary data are collected from 30 respondents by supplying the questionnaire and through direct interview method.  SECONDARY DATA are those data which are already collected by some agency, through books, magazines and through internet for some other purpose. The Secondary data for the study collected from the published and unpublished sources annual reports, research, journals and various related website.

The study about the handloom workers reveals that;

1.     Majority of the weavers are above the age of 50 years and above 90% weavers are females. They are engaging in this work for more than 10 years.

2.     They get wages as per the finished product ie piece rate system. Society pays wages and DA as per the weight of their product.

3.     The workers get benefits like education scholarships for children, marriage financial assistance etc. from government.

4.     They get medical allowances from the Society.

5.     There is a Thrift Fund Scheme in which the workers as well as the Government contributes 8% of the wages.

6.     The society gives the members the required raw materials and the sale of finished products is also undertaken by the society.

7.     The members get financial help from government for work shed and loom.

8.     Government has a pension plan for the weavers.

9.     There are 113 members working under this society.

10.          There is no increase in the number of workers during past 5 years. The main reason for the decrease in the number of workers is the low wages. The new generations are not interested this field of work.

CONCLUSION

Handloom sector is in a path of destruction. The main reason for this is the industrial revolution and globalization. The handloom sector finds it difficult to compete with the power looms. This handloom sector needs skilled workers. It is also time consuming work. A worker produces only one product in a day. As a result the workers receive very low wages compared to other sectors. If the wages increases the price of product also will increase. This will affect the market share of the handloom products. The workers get medical allowances, educational scholarships for children, pension etc. But these Government policies are not enough to protect this sector. The Government may provide some training programs and attractive policies to attract more people to this sector. Otherwise it will decline and vanish in near future.

COMMERCE EDUCATION

Commerce education is a living discipline and is totally different from other disciplines. For the economic development of the country and to meet the growing needs of the society, there is greater demand for sound development of commerce education. The growing phenomenon of globalization, liberalization and privatization has been influencing the Commerce education.

MEANING

Commerce education generally means the formal education of the subject conducted in schools, especially in higher secondary schools. In the case of commerce education schools, it is transmitted on the basis of a prescribed curriculum using psychological strategies and techniques of instruction.

DEFINITION

Leverett. S. Lyen defined commerce education as "any education which a business man has and which makes him a better businessman, is for him business education, no matter whether it was obtained in the walls of a school or not".

Paul S. Lomax (1928) writes, "Commercial education is fundamentally a programme of economic education that has to do with the acquirement, conservation and spending of wealth".

VALUE AND SCOPE OF COMMERCE EDUCATION

ü  Practical or Utilitarian Value

Commerce education has great significance in preparing individuals and the society in general for taking up and indulging in commercial activities efficiently. The economic stability of any nation depends upon how scientifically and systematically industrial and commercial activities are organized. Commerce education provides the understandings, insights, attitudes and skills for taking up such activities. Also it gives proper guidance for systematically extending customer services.

ü  Cultural Value

Commerce education helps to transmit many cultural values like systematic dealings, social and service orientation, fair dealings with customers, good salesmanship, honesty in commercial dealings, etc.

ü  Social value

Commerce education is directly connected with every day life of human beings. Comfortable life in a society depends upon how efficiently and fairly the dealings associated with commercial transactions like trade, distribution, service, etc. related to goods take place in the society. Performing all these dealings with a social commitment depends upon how well the members of the society gets educated in these.

ü  Disciplinary value

Commerce education reflects all the scientific methods like planning, systematic process, analysis etc. Modern commercial theory and practice applies these scientific methods.

ü  Vocational Value

Commerce education has a significant role in providing employment opportunities for individuals in the society. This will help a person to gain adequate monetary benefit to survive in the society. This will also help to increase the production and national wealth. The commerce education should enhance the vocational competency of an individual also.

OBJECTIVES OF COMMERCE EDUCATION

q  Development of skills such as conceptual skills, technical skills and application skills in the field of commerce, management and industry.

q   To prepare a student for a career in business or to start a business enterprise of his/her own.

q   Analysis of complex situations related to commerce into the meaningful aspects involved.

q   Develop desirable interest in commercial ideas & tasks related to commercial activities.

q   To familiarize students with current business process & practices, behavior of markets, products as well as finance.

q   To train students in the use of information technology for business.

q   Establish healthy linkage with commercially relevant organizations and institutions.

q  Develop skills for performing intellectual and physical activities related to commercial task.

q   Internalize values and value system associated with commercial dealings.

q  To give each students enough opportunities to acquire relevant knowledge about business and economy.

CONCLUSION

Commerce is considered as one of the most popular career option in India. Commerce education is the backbone of the business and serial development of the nation. Commerce education covers wide area of business and society. Commerce education provides to the business and society that how to use it for the betterment of self and oneself. It gives to the people for democratic living, good citizenship, and proper utilization of resources. It provides skill oriented education to students and society.